Autécologie des espèces

Classification des espèces rencontrées sur les pelouses du Toulois en fonction de trois critères écologiques : lumière, eau du sol, calcaire actif du sol

Lumière :

Espèces héliophiles : Achillea millefolium, Ajuga genevensis, Anacamptis morio, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Anthericum ramosum, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Aquilegia vulgaris, Arabis glabra, Arabis hirsuta, Arabis turrita, Aster amellus, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Bellis perennis, Berberis vulgaris, Betula pendula, Brachypodium pinnatum, Briza media, Bromus erectus, Bunium bulbocastanum, Bupleurum falcatum, Campanula rapunculoides, Campanula rapunculus, Campanula rotundifolia, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex halleriana, Centaurium erythraea, Cerastium arvense, Cirsium arvense, Clematis vitalba, Clinopodium vulgare, Colchicum autumnale, Colutea arborescens, Convolvulus arvensis, Cornus mas, Cornus sanguinea, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Cruciata laevipes, Dactylis glomerata, Dianthus carthusianorum, Digitalis lutea, Echium vulgare, Erigeron acer, Erophila verna, Euonymus europaeus, Euphorbia cyparissias, Filipendula vulgaris, Fragaria vesca, Fragaria viridis, Frangula alnus, Galeopsis tetrahit, Galium glaucum, Gallium mollugo, Galium verum, Geum urbanum, Genista pilosa, Genista sagittalis, Genista tinctoria, Geranium robertianum, Geranium sanguineum, Glechoma hederacea, Helleborus foetidus, Heracleum sphondylium, Hieracium pilosella, Hieracium umbellatum, Himantoglossum hircinum, Hippocrepis comosa, Hypericum perforatum, Hypochaeris radicata, Iberis amara, Inula conyza, Inula salicina, Juniperus communis, Kandis perfoliata, Laburnum anagyroides, Lactuca perennis, Lactuca virosa, Lamium purpureum, Laserpitium latifolium, Lathyrus nissolia, Lathyrus pratensis, Lathyrus tuberosus, Lepidium campestre, Lepidium virginicum, Ligustrum vulgare, Linaria repens, Listera ovata, Lonicera xylosteum, Luzula campestris, Malus sylvestris, Malva mochata, Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea, Noccaea montana, Ophrys apifera, Ophrys araneola, Ophrys aranifera, Ophrys fuciflora, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis anthropophora, Orchis mascula, Orchis militaris, Orchis purpurea, Origanum vulgare, Orobanche alba, Orobanche alsatica, Orobanche caryophyllea, Orobanche minor, Orobanche teucrii, Petrorhagia prolifera, Peucedanum cervaria, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Platanthera bifolia, Platanthera chlorantha, Populus tremula, Primula veris, Prunella grandiflora, Prunella laciniata, Prunella vulgaris, Prunus mahaleb, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus pyraster, Quercus x calvescens, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa canina, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Rosa rubiginosa, Rumex acetosa, Salix caprea, Saxifraga granulata, Sedum album, Sedum acre, Sedum rupestre, Sedum sexangulare, Sedum telephenium, Serratula tinctoria, Sesleria caerulea, Silene latifolia subsp. alba, Silene nutans, Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa, Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Solanum dulcamara, Sorbus aria, Sorbus domestica, Stellaria graminea, Tamus communis, Teucrium chamaedrys, Teucrium montanum, Teucrium scorodonia, Thalictrum minus subsp. minus, Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile, Thesium humifusum, Trifolium alpestre, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium rubens, Tussilago farfara, Verbascum densiflorum, Verbascum lychnitis, Verbascum nigrum, Verbascum pulverulentum, Verbascum thapsus, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica hederifolia, Viburnum lantana, Vicia cracca, Vicia hirsuta, Vicia sepium, Vicia tennuifolia, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria

Espèces photophiles : Anthericum ramosum, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Aquilegia vulgaris, Arabis turrita, Aster amellus, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Berberis vulgaris, Bryonia dioica, Bupleurum falcatum, Buxus sempervirens, Calamintha menthifolia, Campanula persicifolia, Campanula rapunculoides, Campanula trachelium, Carex alba, Cephalanthera damasonium, Cephalanthera longifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Chelidonium majus, Clinopodium vulgare, Colchicum autumnale, Cornus mas, Cornus sanguinea, Corylus avellana, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Cruciata laevipes, Epipactis helleborine, Euonymus europaeus, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Filipendula vulgaris, Fragaria vesca, Galium aparine, Geum urbanum, Geranium robertianum, Glechoma hederacea, Helleborus foetidus, Heracleum sphondylium, Hieracium murorum, Inula conyza, Laserpitium latifolium, Lathyrus sylvestris, Lathyrus vernus, Lepidium campestre, Ligustrum vulgare, Listera ovata, Lonicera xylosteum, Luzula pilosa, Monotropa hypopitys, Mycelis muralis, Ophrys insectifera, Origanum vulgare, Primula veris, Prunus avium, Prunus spinosa, Quercus petraea, Ribes alpinum, Rosa arvensis, Sedum telephenium, Serratula tinctoria, Sesleria caerulea, Silene nutans, Solidago virgaurea, Stachys officinalis, Stellaria holostea, Teucrium scorodonia, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica hederifolia, Vicia cracca, Vicia sepium, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, Viola odorata

Espèces sciaphiles : Campanula trachelium, Carex alba, Cephalanthera damasonium, Corylus avellana, Epipactis helleborine, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Lathyrus vernus, Luzula pilosa, Monotropa hypopitys, Mycelis muralis

Chaleur :

Espèces thermophiles : Acinos arvensis, Allium vineale, Anemone sylvestris, Anthericum ramosum, Arabis turrita, Asperula cynanchica, Aster amellus, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus hordeaceus, Bupleurum falcatum, Buxus sempervirens, Campanula glomerata, Campanula persicifolia, Carex halleriana, Carex humilis, Carex ornithopoda, Cephalanthera longifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Colutea arborescens, Cornus mas, Crepis praemorsa, Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia, Daucus carota subsp. carota, Dianthus carthusianorum, Eryngium campestre, Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. verrucosa, Fragaria viridis, Galium glaucum, Gentiana cruciata, Geranium colombinum, Globularia bisnagarica, Iberis amara, Knautia arvensis, Koeleria pyramidata, Laburnum anagyroides, Lactuca perennis, Lactuca virosa, Lathyrus aphaca, Leucanthemum vulgare, Linum leonii, Linum tenuifolium, Lithospermum purpureo-caeruleum, Malva mochata, Orobanche alba, Orobanche alsatica, Orobanche caryophyllea, Orobanche minor, Orobanche teucrii, Peucedanum cervaria, Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. tenerum, Polygala amarella, Polygala calcarea, Polygala comosa, Prunus mahaleb, Pulsatilla vulgaris, Pyrus pyraster, Quercus x calvescens, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Sambucus ebulus, Scandix pecten-veneris, Sedum album, Sedum acre, Sedum rupestre, Sedum sexangulare, Sedum telephenium, Seseli Libanotis, Seseli montanum, Sesleria caerulea, Silene nutans, Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa, Sorbus aria, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus torminalis, Stachys recta, Teucrium montanum, Thalictrum minus subsp. minus, Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile, Thymus praecox, Trifolium alpestre, Trifolium medium, Trifolium rubens, Veronica austriaca subsp. teucrium, Vicia tennuifolia, Vincetoxicum hirudinaria, Viola alba

Eau du sol :

Espèces xérophiles et xéroclines : Acinos arvensis, Allium vineale, Allium sphaerocephalon, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Aster amellus, Buxus sempervirens, Carduus nutans, Carex halleriana, Carex humilis, Centaurea decipiens, Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. luridum, Cichorium intybus, Cirsium eriophorum var. platyonychinum, Cirsium vulgare, Colutea arborescens, Cymbalaria muralis, Cynoglossum officinale, Echium vulgare, Epipactis atrorubens, Erigeron acer, Erodium cicutarium, Erophila verna, Eryngium campestre, Eryngium giganteum, Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. verrucosa, Fragaria viridis, Frangula alnus, Galium fleurotii, Galium glaucum, Genista pilosa, Geranium sanguineum, Globularia bisnagarica, Juniperus communis, Kandis perfoliata, Koeleria pyramidata, Lactuca perennis, Lactuca virosa, Latyrus latifolius, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon hyoséroïdes, Linum tenuifolium, Malva alcea, Malva mochata, Myosotis arvensis, Myosotis ramosissima, Odontites luteus, Orobanche alba, Orobanche alsatica, Orobanche caryophyllea, Orobanche minor, Orobanche teucrii, Pastinaca sativa subsp. urens, Petrorhagia prolifera, Primula veris, Prunus mahaleb, Quercus x calvescens, Reseda lutea, Rosa elliptica, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Sanguisorba minor, Scabiosa columbaria subsp. columbaria, Sedum album, Sedum acre, Sedum rupestre, Sedum sexangulare, Seseli montanum, Sesleria caerulea, Silene nutans, Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa, Sorbus aria, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus torminalis, Teucrium chamaedrys, Teucrium montanum, Thymus pugeloides, Verbascum lychnitis, Verbascum pulverulentum, Verbascum thapsus, Veronica prostata subsp. scheereri, Vicia tennuifolia, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, Viola alba

Espèces mésoxérophiles : Ajuga genevensis, Allium oleraceum, Allium schoenoprasum, Anthericum ramosum, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Arabis glabra, Arabis hirsuta, Arabis turrita, Asparagus officinalis, Aster amellus, Berberis vulgaris, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus erectus, Bupleurum falcatum, Calamintha menthifolia, Campanula persicifolia, Campanula rapunculoides, Carex alba, Carex caryophyllea, Carlina vulgaris, Cephalanthera damasonium, Cephalanthera longifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Cerastium glutinosum, Cirsium acaule, Clinopodium vulgare, Convolvulus arvensis, Cornus mas, Crataegus monogyna, Cytisus decumbens, Dianthus carthusianorum, Digitalis lutea, Euphorbia cyparissias, Euphrasia officinalis, Euphrasia stricta, Filipendula vulgaris, Gallium mollugo, Genista pilosa, Genista sagittalis, Gentiana ciliata, Gentiana germanica, Gentiana cruciata, Helianthemum nummularium subsp. obscurum, Helleborus foetidus, Hieracium pilosella, Himantoglossum hircinum, Hippocrepis comosa, Hypericum perforatum, Inula conyza, Laburnum anagyroides, Laserpitium latifolium, Lathyrus aphaca, Ligustrum vulgare, Linaria repens, Linaria vulgaris, Lithospermum purpureo-caeruleum, Medicago minima, Medicago sativa subsp. sativa, Melilotus albus, Monotropa hypopitys, Noccaea montana, Ononis spinosa subsp. maritima var. procurrens, Ophrys araneola, Ophrys aranifera, Ophrys fuciflora, Orchis mascula, Orchis purpurea, Origanum vulgare, Peucedanum cervaria, Pimpinella saxifraga, Picris hieracioides, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Prunella grandiflora, Prunella laciniata, Prunus spinosa, Quercus petraea, Quercus x calvescens, Rosa canina, Rosa rubiginosa, Salvia pratensis, Senecio erucifolius, Senecio jacobaea, Seseli libanotis, Silene latifolia subsp. alba, Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Solanum dulcamara, Sonchus arvensis, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus torminalis, Tamus communis, Tanacetum parthenium, Tanacetum vulgare, Teucrium chamaedrys, Teucrium scorodonia, Thalictrum minus subsp. minus, Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile, Tragopogon dubius, Tragopogon pratensis subsp. minor, Trifolium alpestre, Trifolium rubens, Veronica austriaca subsp. teucrium, Viburnum lantana, Vicia hirsuta

Espèces mésophiles : Achillea millefolium, Anacamptis morio, Anagallis arvensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Aquilegia vulgaris, Aster amellus, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Bellis perennis, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bryonia dioica, Calamintha menthifolia, Campanula rapunculoides, Campanula rapunculus, Campanula rotundifolia, Campanula trachelium, Centaurium erythraea, Cephalanthera damasonium, Cerastium glomeratum, Chelidonium majus, Cirsium arvense, Clematis vitalba, Clinopodium vulgare, Colchicum autumnale, Corylus avellana, Crataegus laevigata, Crepis biennis, Cruciata laevipes, Dactylis glomerata, Daucus carota subsp. carota, Digitalis lutea, Dipsacus fullonum, Epipactis helleborine, Euonymus europaeus, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Fragaria vesca, Galeopsis tetrahit, Galium verum, Geum urbanum, Geranium robertianum, Geranium pyrenaicum, Heracleum sphondylium, Hieracium murorum, Hieracium piloselloides, Hieracium umbellatum, Inula salicina, Lamium purpureum, Lathyrus pratensis, Lathyrus sylvestris, Lathyrus vernus, Linum catharticum, Listera ovata, Lonicera xylosteum, Luzula campestris, Luzula pilosa, Malus sylvestris, Medicago lupulina, Medicago sativa subsp. falcata, Medicago sativa nsubsp. media, Monotropa hypopitys, Mycelis muralis, Odontites vernus subsp serotinus, Onobrychis viciifolia, Ophrys apifera, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis anthropophora, Orchis militaris, Platanthera bifolia, Platanthera chlorantha, Populus tremula, Prunella vulgaris, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus pyraster, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Quercus petraea, Reseda luteola, Rhinanthus alectolophorus, Rhinanthus minor, Ribes alpinum, Rosa arvensis, Rumex acetosa, Salix caprea, Saxifraga granulata, Securigera varia, Sedum telephenium, Sonchus asper, Sonchus oleraceus, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus torminalis, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Tragopogon pratensis subsp. pratensis, Trifolium pratense, Verbascum nigrum, Veronica arvensis, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica hederifolia, Vicia cracca, Vicia sepium, Viola odorata

Espèces hygroclines : Anacamptis morio, Bellis perennis, Bryonia dioica, Colchicum autumnale, Elytrigia repens, Erigeron annus, Galium aparine, Glechoma hederacea, Heracleum sphondylium, Hieracium piloselloides, Populus tremula, Rumex acetosa

Calcaire actif du sol :

Espèces calcicoles et calciclines : Acinos arvensis, Anthericum ramosum, Arabis hirsuta, Berberis vulgaris, Calamintha menthifolia, Carduus nutans, Carex alba, Carex caryophyllea, Carex halleriana, Carex humilis, Cephalanthera longifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Cichorium intybus, Cirsium acaule, Clematis vitalba, Colutea arborescens, Convolvulus arvensis, Cornus mas, Cornus sanguinea, Epipactis atrorubens, Eryngium campestre, Euonymus europaeus, Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. verrucosa, Fragaria viridis, Frangula alnus, Galium glaucum, Geranium sanguineum, Globularia bisnagarica, Helianthemum nummularium subsp. obscurum, Himantoglossum hircinum, Hippocrepis comosa, Inula conyza, Koeleria pyramidata, Lactuca perennis, Lactuca virosa, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon hyoséroïdes, Leucanthemum vulgare, Ligustrum vulgare, Lithospermum purpureo-caeruleum, Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea, Odontites luteus, Orobanche alba, Orobanche alsatica, Orobanche caryophyllea, Orobanche minor, Orobanche teucrii, Pimpinella saxifraga, Polygala comosa, Primula veris, Prunella laciniata, Prunus mahaleb, Pulsatilla vulgaris, Reseda lutea, Scabiosa columbaria subsp. columbaria, Seseli Libanotis, Seseli montanum, Sesleria caerulea, Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa, Stachys recta, Teucrium chamaedrys, Teucrium scorodonia, Thalictrum minus subsp. minus, Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile, Verbascum densiflorum, Verbascum lychnitis, Verbascum pulverulentum, Veronica austriaca subsp. teucrium, Veronica prostata subsp. scheereri, Viola alba

Espèces neutrocalcicoles : Ajuga genevensis, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Anagallis arvensis, Anemone sylvestris, Anthyllis vulneraria, Aquilegia vulgaris, Arabis glabra, Arabis turrita, Asperula cynanchica, Aster amellus, Bromus erectus, Bupleurum falcatum, Campanula glomerata, Campanula rapunculoides, Campanula trachelium, Carex flacca, Carex ornithopoda, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea scabiosa, Cephalanthera damasonium, Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. luridum, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium eriophorum var. platyonychinum, Clinopodium vulgare, Cynoglossum officinale, Cytisus decumbens, Dianthus carthusianorum, Digitalis lutea, Echium vulgare, Erigeron acer, Euphorbia cyparissias, Filipendula vulgaris, Fumana procumbens, Galium fleurotii, Gentiana ciliata, Gentiana germanica, Gentiana cruciata, Helleborus foetidus, Iberis amara, Inula salicina, Kandis perfoliata, Knautia arvensis, Laburnum anagyroides, Laserpitium latifolium, Lathyrus aphaca, Lathyrus vernus, Linum catharticum, Linum leonii, Linum tenuifolium, Lithospermum officinale, Lonicera xylosteum, Melampyrum pratense, Noccaea montana, Onobrychis viciifolia, Ophrys apifera, Ophrys araneola, Ophrys aranifera, Ophrys fuciflora, Orchis anthropophora, Orchis mascula, Orchis militaris, Orchis purpurea, Origanum vulgare, Peucedanum cervaria, Phleum pratense subsp. serotinum, Phyteuma orbiculare subsp. tenerum, Pinus nigra, Plantago media, Platanthera chlorantha, Polygala amarella, Polygala calcarea, Potentilla neumanniana, Prunella grandiflora, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ribes alpinum, Rosa canina, Rosa rubiginosa, Sanguisorba minor, Saxifraga granulata, Securigera varia, Sinapis alba, Sinapis arvensis, Sorbus torminalis, Stachys annua, Tamus communis, Teucrium montanum, Thesium humifusum, Thymus praecox, Tragopogon dubius, Trifolium rubens, Verbascum nigrum, Viburnum lantana, Vicia tennuifolia

Espèces neutrophiles et neutroclines : Achillea millefolium, Allium sphaerocephalon, Anacamptis morio, Arctium lappa, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium pinnatum, Briza media, Bromus hordeaceus, Bromus tectorum, Bryonia dioica, Bunium bulbocastanum, Campanula rapunculus, Centaurea decipiens, Centaurium erythraea, Cerastium arvense, Cerastium glutinosum, Chelidonium majus, Colchicum autumnale, Corylus avellana, Crataegus laevigata, Cruciata laevipes, Dactylis glomerata, Dactilorhyza viridis, Epipactis helleborine, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Euphorbia platyphyllos, Euphrasia officinalis, Euphrasia stricta, Fragaria vesca, Fumaria officinalis, Galeopsis tetrahit, Galium aparine, Gallium mollugo, Galium verum, Genista pilosa, Genista sagittalis, Genista tinctoria, Geum urbanum, Geranium robertianum, Geranium molle, Geranium pyrenaicum, Geranium colombinum, Geranium pusillum, Glechoma hederacea, Heracleum sphondylium, Hieracium glaucinum, Hieracium pilosella, Hypericum perforatum, Lamium purpureum, Latyrus latifolius, Lathyrus nissolia, Lathyrus pratensis, Lathyrus sylvestris, Lathyrus tuberosus, Lepidium campestre, Lepidium virginicum, Linaria repens, Listera ovata, Lithospermum arvense, Lotus corniculatus, Luzula pilosa, Medicago lupulina, Medicago minima, Medicago arabica, Medicago sativa subsp. falcata, Melampyrum arvense, Melilotus officinalis, Mycelis muralis, Ononis spinosa subsp. maritima var. procurrens, Ononis spinosa subsp. spinosa, Ophrys insectifera, Papaver rhoas, Pastinaca sativa subsp. urens, Pastinaca sativa subsp. sativa, Petrorhagia prolifera, Picris hieracioides, Platanthera bifolia, Potentilla reptans, Prunella vulgaris, Prunus avium, Prunus spinosa, Quercus x calvescens, Reseda luteola, Rhinanthus alectolophorus, Rhinanthus minor, Rosa arvensis, Rosa elliptica, Salix caprea, Salvia pratensis, Sambucus ebulus, Scandix pecten-veneris, Silene nutans, Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Stellaria holostea, Thesium alpinum, Thlaspi arvense, Trifolium alpestre, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium medium, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica hederifolia, Veronica persica, Vicia cracca, Vicia hirsuta, Vicia lutea, Vicia sepium, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, Viola odorata

Espèces acidiclines : Anacamptis morio, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactilorhyza viridis, digitaria sanguinalis, Erophila verna, Galeopsis tetrahit, Hieracium umbellatum, Hypochaeris radicata, Luzula campestris, Luzula pilosa, Myosotis ramosissima, Odontites vernus subsp. vernus, Polygala vulgaris, Saxifraga granulata, Stellaria graminea, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium incarnatum

Espèces pionnières et postpionnières : Arabis glabra, Asparagus officinalis, Betula pendula, Geranium molle, Iberis amara, Linaria repens, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus pyraster, Quercus petraea, Quercus x calvescens, Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix caprea, Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sorbus aria, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus torminalis, Tragopogon dubius, Valerianella locusta

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© Paul Montagne